本文实例讲述了php实现aes256加密算法的方法，是较为常见的一种加密算法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下：
aes.class.php文件如下：
<?php
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
/* aes implementation in php (c) chris veness 2005-2011. right of free use is granted for all */
/* commercial or non-commercial use under cc-by licence. no warranty of any form is offered. */
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
class aes {
/**
* aes cipher function: encrypt 'input' with rijndael algorithm
*
* @param input message as byte-array (16 bytes)
* @param w key schedule as 2d byte-array (nr+1 x nb bytes) -
* generated from the cipher key by keyexpansion()
* @return ciphertext as byte-array (16 bytes)
*/
public static function cipher($input, $w) { // main cipher function [§5.1]
$nb = 4; // block size (in words): no of columns in state (fixed at 4 for aes)
$nr = count($w)/$nb - 1; // no of rounds: 10/12/14 for 128/192/256-bit keys
$state = array(); // initialise 4xnb byte-array 'state' with input [§3.4]
for ($i=0; $i<4*$nb; $i++) $state[$i%4][floor($i/4)] = $input[$i];
$state = self::addroundkey($state, $w, 0, $nb);
for ($round=1; $round<$nr; $round++) { // apply nr rounds
$state = self::subbytes($state, $nb);
$state = self::shiftrows($state, $nb);
$state = self::mixcolumns($state, $nb);
$state = self::addroundkey($state, $w, $round, $nb);
}
$state = self::subbytes($state, $nb);
$state = self::shiftrows($state, $nb);
$state = self::addroundkey($state, $w, $nr, $nb);
$output = array(4*$nb); // convert state to 1-d array before returning [§3.4]
for ($i=0; $i<4*$nb; $i++) $output[$i] = $state[$i%4][floor($i/4)];
return $output;
}
private static function addroundkey($state, $w, $rnd, $nb) { // xor round key into state s [§5.1.4]
for ($r=0; $r<4; $r++) {
for ($c=0; $c<$nb; $c++) $state[$r][$c] ^= $w[$rnd*4+$c][$r];
}
return $state;
}
private static function subbytes($s, $nb) { // apply sbox to state s [§5.1.1]
for ($r=0; $r<4; $r++) {
for ($c=0; $c<$nb; $c++) $s[$r][$c] = self::$sbox[$s[$r][$c]];
}
return $s;
}
private static function shiftrows($s, $nb) { // shift row r of state s left by r bytes [§5.1.2]
$t = array(4);
for ($r=1; $r<4; $r++) {
for ($c=0; $c<4; $c++) $t[$c] = $s[$r][($c+$r)%$nb]; // shift into temp copy
for ($c=0; $c<4; $c++) $s[$r][$c] = $t[$c]; // and copy back
} // note that this will work for nb=4,5,6, but not 7,8 (always 4 for aes):
return $s; // see fp.gladman.plus.com/cryptography_technology/rijndael/aes.spec.311.pdf
}
private static function mixcolumns($s, $nb) { // combine bytes of each col of state s [§5.1.3]
for ($c=0; $c<4; $c++) {
$a = array(4); // 'a' is a copy of the current column from 's'
$b = array(4); // 'b' is a•{02} in gf(2^8)
for ($i=0; $i<4; $i++) {
$a[$i] = $s[$i][$c];
$b[$i] = $s[$i][$c]&0x80 ? $s[$i][$c]<<1 ^ 0x011b : $s[$i][$c]<<1;
}
// a[n] ^ b[n] is a•{03} in gf(2^8)
$s[0][$c] = $b[0] ^ $a[1] ^ $b[1] ^ $a[2] ^ $a[3]; // 2*a0 + 3*a1 + a2 + a3
$s[1][$c] = $a[0] ^ $b[1] ^ $a[2] ^ $b[2] ^ $a[3]; // a0 * 2*a1 + 3*a2 + a3
$s[2][$c] = $a[0] ^ $a[1] ^ $b[2] ^ $a[3] ^ $b[3]; // a0 + a1 + 2*a2 + 3*a3
$s[3][$c] = $a[0] ^ $b[0] ^ $a[1] ^ $a[2] ^ $b[3]; // 3*a0 + a1 + a2 + 2*a3
}
return $s;
}
/**
* key expansion for rijndael cipher(): performs key expansion on cipher key
* to generate a key schedule
*
* @param key cipher key byte-array (16 bytes)
* @return key schedule as 2d byte-array (nr+1 x nb bytes)
*/
public static function keyexpansion($key) { // generate key schedule from cipher key [§5.2]
$nb = 4; // block size (in words): no of columns in state (fixed at 4 for aes)
$nk = count($key)/4; // key length (in words): 4/6/8 for 128/192/256-bit keys
$nr = $nk + 6; // no of rounds: 10/12/14 for 128/192/256-bit keys
$w = array();
$temp = array();
for ($i=0; $i<$nk; $i++) {
$r = array($key[4*$i], $key[4*$i+1], $key[4*$i+2], $key[4*$i+3]);
$w[$i] = $r;
}
for ($i=$nk; $i<($nb*($nr+1)); $i++) {
$w[$i] = array();
for ($t=0; $t<4; $t++) $temp[$t] = $w[$i-1][$t];
if ($i % $nk == 0) {
$temp = self::subword(self::rotword($temp));
for ($t=0; $t<4; $t++) $temp[$t] ^= self::$rcon[$i/$nk][$t];
} else if ($nk > 6 && $i%$nk == 4) {
$temp = self::subword($temp);
}
for ($t=0; $t<4; $t++) $w[$i][$t] = $w[$i-$nk][$t] ^ $temp[$t];
}
return $w;
}
private static function subword($w) { // apply sbox to 4-byte word w
for ($i=0; $i<4; $i++) $w[$i] = self::$sbox[$w[$i]];
return $w;
}
private static function rotword($w) { // rotate 4-byte word w left by one byte
$tmp = $w[0];
for ($i=0; $i<3; $i++) $w[$i] = $w[$i+1];
$w[3] = $tmp;
return $w;
}
// sbox is pre-computed multiplicative inverse in gf(2^8) used in subbytes and keyexpansion [§5.1.1]
private static $sbox = array(
0x63,0x7c,0x77,0x7b,0xf2,0x6b,0x6f,0xc5,0x30,0x01,0x67,0x2b,0xfe,0xd7,0xab,0x76,
0xca,0x82,0xc9,0x7d,0xfa,0x59,0x47,0xf0,0xad,0xd4,0xa2,0xaf,0x9c,0xa4,0x72,0xc0,
0xb7,0xfd,0x93,0x26,0x36,0x3f,0xf7,0xcc,0x34,0xa5,0xe5,0xf1,0x71,0xd8,0x31,0x15,
0x04,0xc7,0x23,0xc3,0x18,0x96,0x05,0x9a,0x07,0x12,0x80,0xe2,0xeb,0x27,0xb2,0x75,
0x09,0x83,0x2c,0x1a,0x1b,0x6e,0x5a,0xa0,0x52,0x3b,0xd6,0xb3,0x29,0xe3,0x2f,0x84,
0x53,0xd1,0x00,0xed,0x20,0xfc,0xb1,0x5b,0x6a,0xcb,0xbe,0x39,0x4a,0x4c,0x58,0xcf,
0xd0,0xef,0xaa,0xfb,0x43,0x4d,0x33,0x85,0x45,0xf9,0x02,0x7f,0x50,0x3c,0x9f,0xa8,
0x51,0xa3,0x40,0x8f,0x92,0x9d,0x38,0xf5,0xbc,0xb6,0xda,0x21,0x10,0xff,0xf3,0xd2,
0xcd,0x0c,0x13,0xec,0x5f,0x97,0x44,0x17,0xc4,0xa7,0x7e,0x3d,0x64,0x5d,0x19,0x73,
0x60,0x81,0x4f,0xdc,0x22,0x2a,0x90,0x88,0x46,0xee,0xb8,0x14,0xde,0x5e,0x0b,0xdb,
0xe0,0x32,0x3a,0x0a,0x49,0x06,0x24,0x5c,0xc2,0xd3,0xac,0x62,0x91,0x95,0xe4,0x79,
0xe7,0xc8,0x37,0x6d,0x8d,0xd5,0x4e,0xa9,0x6c,0x56,0xf4,0xea,0x65,0x7a,0xae,0x08,
0xba,0x78,0x25,0x2e,0x1c,0xa6,0xb4,0xc6,0xe8,0xdd,0x74,0x1f,0x4b,0xbd,0x8b,0x8a,
0x70,0x3e,0xb5,0x66,0x48,0x03,0xf6,0x0e,0x61,0x35,0x57,0xb9,0x86,0xc1,0x1d,0x9e,
0xe1,0xf8,0x98,0x11,0x69,0xd9,0x8e,0x94,0x9b,0x1e,0x87,0xe9,0xce,0x55,0x28,0xdf,
0x8c,0xa1,0x89,0x0d,0xbf,0xe6,0x42,0x68,0x41,0x99,0x2d,0x0f,0xb0,0x54,0xbb,0x16);
// rcon is round constant used for the key expansion [1st col is 2^(r-1) in gf(2^8)] [§5.2]
private static $rcon = array(
array(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
array(0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
array(0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
array(0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
array(0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
array(0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
array(0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
array(0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
array(0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
array(0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
array(0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00) );
}
?>
aesctr.class.php文件如下：
<?php
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
/* aes counter (ctr) mode implementation in php (c) chris veness 2005-2011. right of free use is */
/* granted for all commercial or non-commercial use under cc-by licence. no warranty of any */
/* form is offered. */
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
class aesctr extends aes {
/**
* encrypt a text using aes encryption in counter mode of operation
* - see
*
* unicode multi-byte character safe
*
* @param plaintext source text to be encrypted
* @param password the password to use to generate a key
* @param nbits number of bits to be used in the key (128, 192, or 256)
* @param keep keep 1:each not change 0:each change(default)
* @return encrypted text
*/
public static function encrypt($plaintext, $password, $nbits, $keep=0) {
$blocksize = 16; // block size fixed at 16 bytes / 128 bits (nb=4) for aes
if (!($nbits==128 || $nbits==192 || $nbits==256)) return ''; // standard allows 128/192/256 bit keys
// note php (5) gives us plaintext and password in utf8 encoding!
// use aes itself to encrypt password to get cipher key (using plain password as source for
// key expansion) - gives us well encrypted key
$nbytes = $nbits/8; // no bytes in key
$pwbytes = array();
for ($i=0; $i<$nbytes; $i++) $pwbytes[$i] = ord(substr($password,$i,1)) & 0xff;
$key = aes::cipher($pwbytes, aes::keyexpansion($pwbytes));
$key = array_merge($key, array_slice($key, 0, $nbytes-16)); // expand key to 16/24/32 bytes long
// initialise 1st 8 bytes of counter block with nonce (nist sp800-38a §b.2): [0-1] = millisec,
// [2-3] = random, [4-7] = seconds, giving guaranteed sub-ms uniqueness up to feb 2106
$counterblock = array();
if($keep==0){
$nonce = floor(microtime(true)*1000); // timestamp: milliseconds since 1-jan-1970
$noncems = $nonce%1000;
$noncesec = floor($nonce/1000);
$noncernd = floor(rand(0, 0xffff));
}else{
$nonce = 10000;
$noncems = $nonce%1000;
$noncesec = floor($nonce/1000);
$noncernd = 10000;
}
for ($i=0; $i<2; $i++) $counterblock[$i] = self::urs($noncems, $i*8) & 0xff;
for ($i=0; $i<2; $i++) $counterblock[$i+2] = self::urs($noncernd, $i*8) & 0xff;
for ($i=0; $i<4; $i++) $counterblock[$i+4] = self::urs($noncesec, $i*8) & 0xff;
// and convert it to a string to go on the front of the ciphertext
$ctrtxt = '';
for ($i=0; $i<8; $i++) $ctrtxt .= chr($counterblock[$i]);
// generate key schedule - an expansion of the key into distinct key rounds for each round
$keyschedule = aes::keyexpansion($key);
//print_r($keyschedule);
$blockcount = ceil(strlen($plaintext)/$blocksize);
$ciphertxt = array(); // ciphertext as array of strings
for ($b=0; $b<$blockcount; $b++) {
// set counter (block #) in last 8 bytes of counter block (leaving nonce in 1st 8 bytes)
// done in two stages for 32-bit ops: using two words allows us to go past 2^32 blocks (68gb)
for ($c=0; $c<4; $c++) $counterblock[15-$c] = self::urs($b, $c*8) & 0xff;
for ($c=0; $c<4; $c++) $counterblock[15-$c-4] = self::urs($b/0x100000000, $c*8);
$ciphercntr = aes::cipher($counterblock, $keyschedule); // -- encrypt counter block --
// block size is reduced on final block
$blocklength = $b<$blockcount-1 ? $blocksize : (strlen($plaintext)-1)%$blocksize+1;
$cipherbyte = array();
for ($i=0; $i<$blocklength; $i++) { // -- xor plaintext with ciphered counter byte-by-byte --
$cipherbyte[$i] = $ciphercntr[$i] ^ ord(substr($plaintext, $b*$blocksize+$i, 1));
$cipherbyte[$i] = chr($cipherbyte[$i]);
}
$ciphertxt[$b] = implode('', $cipherbyte); // escape troublesome characters in ciphertext
}
// implode is more efficient than repeated string concatenation
$ciphertext = $ctrtxt . implode('', $ciphertxt);
$ciphertext = base64_encode($ciphertext);
return $ciphertext;
}
/**
* decrypt a text encrypted by aes in counter mode of operation
*
* @param ciphertext source text to be decrypted
* @param password the password to use to generate a key
* @param nbits number of bits to be used in the key (128, 192, or 256)
* @return decrypted text
*/
public static function decrypt($ciphertext, $password, $nbits) {
$blocksize = 16; // block size fixed at 16 bytes / 128 bits (nb=4) for aes
if (!($nbits==128 || $nbits==192 || $nbits==256)) return ''; // standard allows 128/192/256 bit keys
$ciphertext = base64_decode($ciphertext);
// use aes to encrypt password (mirroring encrypt routine)
$nbytes = $nbits/8; // no bytes in key
$pwbytes = array();
for ($i=0; $i<$nbytes; $i++) $pwbytes[$i] = ord(substr($password,$i,1)) & 0xff;
$key = aes::cipher($pwbytes, aes::keyexpansion($pwbytes));
$key = array_merge($key, array_slice($key, 0, $nbytes-16)); // expand key to 16/24/32 bytes long
// recover nonce from 1st element of ciphertext
$counterblock = array();
$ctrtxt = substr($ciphertext, 0, 8);
for ($i=0; $i<8; $i++) $counterblock[$i] = ord(substr($ctrtxt,$i,1));
// generate key schedule
$keyschedule = aes::keyexpansion($key);
// separate ciphertext into blocks (skipping past initial 8 bytes)
$nblocks = ceil((strlen($ciphertext)-8) / $blocksize);
$ct = array();
for ($b=0; $b<$nblocks; $b++) $ct[$b] = substr($ciphertext, 8+$b*$blocksize, 16);
$ciphertext = $ct; // ciphertext is now array of block-length strings
// plaintext will get generated block-by-block into array of block-length strings
$plaintxt = array();
for ($b=0; $b<$nblocks; $b++) {
// set counter (block #) in last 8 bytes of counter block (leaving nonce in 1st 8 bytes)
for ($c=0; $c<4; $c++) $counterblock[15-$c] = self::urs($b, $c*8) & 0xff;
for ($c=0; $c<4; $c++) $counterblock[15-$c-4] = self::urs(($b+1)/0x100000000-1, $c*8) & 0xff;
$ciphercntr = aes::cipher($counterblock, $keyschedule); // encrypt counter block
$plaintxtbyte = array();
for ($i=0; $i<strlen($ciphertext[$b]); $i++) {
// -- xor plaintext with ciphered counter byte-by-byte --
$plaintxtbyte[$i] = $ciphercntr[$i] ^ ord(substr($ciphertext[$b],$i,1));
$plaintxtbyte[$i] = chr($plaintxtbyte[$i]);
}
$plaintxt[$b] = implode('', $plaintxtbyte);
}
// join array of blocks into single plaintext string
$plaintext = implode('',$plaintxt);
return $plaintext;
}
/*
* unsigned right shift function, since php has neither >>> operator nor unsigned ints
*
* @param a number to be shifted (32-bit integer)
* @param b number of bits to shift a to the right (0..31)
* @return a right-shifted and zero-filled by b bits
*/
private static function urs($a, $b) {
$a &= 0xffffffff; $b &= 0x1f; // (bounds check)
if ($a&0x80000000 && $b>0) { // if left-most bit set
$a = ($a>>1) & 0x7fffffff; // right-shift one bit & clear left-most bit
$a = $a >> ($b-1); // remaining right-shifts
} else { // otherwise
$a = ($a>>$b); // use normal right-shift
}
return $a;
}
}
?>
demo实例程序如下：
<?php
require 'aes.class.php'; // aes php implementation
require 'aesctr.class.php'; // aes counter mode implementation
echo 'each change<br>';
$mstr = aesctr::encrypt('hello world', 'key', 256);
echo encrypt string : $mstr<br />;
$dstr = aesctr::decrypt($mstr, 'key', 256);
echo decrypt string : $dstr<br />;
echo 'each not change<br>';
$mstr = aesctr::encrypt('hello world', 'key', 256, 1); // keep=1
echo encrypt string : $mstr<br />;
$dstr = aesctr::decrypt($mstr, 'key', 256);
echo decrypt string : $dstr<br />;
?>
这里再介绍另一使用 php mcrypt 加解密方法：
/* aes 256 encrypt
* @param string $ostr
* @param string $securekey
* @param string $type encrypt, decrypt
*/
function aes($ostr, $securekey, $type='encrypt'){
if($ostr==''){
return '';
}
$key = $securekey;
$iv = strrev($securekey);
$td = mcrypt_module_open('rijndael-256', '', 'ofb', '');
mcrypt_generic_init($td, $key, $iv);
$str = '';
switch($type){
case 'encrypt':
$str = base64_encode(mcrypt_generic($td, $ostr));
break;
case 'decrypt':
$str = mdecrypt_generic($td, base64_decode($ostr));
break;
}
mcrypt_generic_deinit($td);
return $str;
}
// demo
$key = ;
$str = show me the money;
$ostr = aes($str, $key);
echo string 1: $ostr<br />;
$dstr = aes($ostr, $key, 'decrypt');
echo string 2: $dstr<br />;
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